Urban II promised that all those who defended Christendom and captured Jerusalem would be embarking on a pilgrimage, all their sins would be washed away, and their souls would reap untold rewards in the next life. The message, known as the Indulgence, was addressed in particular to Christian nobles and knights across Europe. It was here that Urban II made his now famous speech in an obviously pre-prepared set piece. On 27 November the cream of the French clergy and a crowd of laymen gathered in a field just outside Clermont for the finale of the council. Pope Urban II managed to hit a collective nerve in Europe with a powerful idea that weaved together the great themes of the age. As a suitable platform to announce his plans, Urban II called a council of church elders in November 1095 the location: Clermont in central France. The two churches had been split since 1054 over disagreements about doctrine and liturgical practices. Urban II also hoped to make himself head of a united Western (Catholic) and Eastern (Orthodox) Christian church, above the Patriarch of Constantinople. A crusade would increase the prestige of the Papacy, as it led a combined western army, and consolidate its position in Italy itself, having experienced serious threats from the Holy Roman Emperors in the previous century which had even forced the popes to relocate away from Rome. In addition, there were very useful additional benefits. Christians living there or visiting on pilgrimage also required protection. A crusade to bring the Holy Land back under Christian control was an end in itself - what better way to protect such important sites as the tomb of Jesus Christ, the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello.Urban II was again disposed to give military assistance to the Byzantines for various reasons. Then, in a great outdoor assembly, the pope, a Frenchman, addressed a large crowd, closing his speech with the words “God wills it,” which became a battle cry of the Crusaders. Much important ecclesiastical business was transacted, which resulted in a series of canons, among them one that renewed the Peace of God and another that granted a plenary indulgence (the remission of all penance for sin) to those who undertook to aid Christians in the East. As a result of a request by envoys from the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus to aid the Greeks against the Muslim Turks, Urban II exhorted the French knights at Clermont to rescue the Holy Land from the Turks. The Council was attended largely by bishops of southern France as well as a few representatives from northern France and elsewhere. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!Ĭouncil of Clermont, an assembly for church reform called by Pope Urban IIon November 18, 1095, which became the occasion for initiating the First Crusade.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century. Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.
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