Refraction is the bending of light as it passes at an angle from one transparent material into a second transparent material. The color of a rainbow can partially be explained in terms of internal reflection. Of a transparent material (such as a water droplet), is reflected off the inside surface of the material, and is then reflected a second time out of the material. During internal reflection, light enters one surface One form of reflection -internal reflection -is often involved in the explanation of optical phenomena. For example, an object that appears to have a green color does so because that object absorbs all wavelengths of white light except that of green, which is reflected. Reflection can explain the origin of color in some cases, because certain portions of white light are more easily absorbed or reflected than are others. Reflection occurs when light rays strike a smooth surface and return at an angle equal to that of the incoming rays. That interaction takes one of three general forms: reflection, refraction, and diffraction. The fact that colors appear in the atmosphere is a consequence of the way that white light is broken up into its component parts -red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet (the spectrum) -during its interaction with materials in the atmosphere. Such phenomena include a wide variety of events ranging from the blue color of the sky itself to mirages and rainbows to sundogs and solar pillars. Atmospheric optical phenomena are visual events that take place in Earth ’s atmosphere as a consequence of light reflection, refraction, and diffraction by solid particles, liquids droplets, and other materials present in the atmosphere.
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